前言

"有"的阶段而已。趁着这个机会好好学习整理一下,为后面的技术选型做准备。
"何为国际化">何为国际化?

"你好!"替换为"What's up, man!",其实具体是分为以下5方面:

  1. 字符串替换
    "你好!"替换为"What's up, man!".
  2. 数字表示方式
    "本地化的关键-language-tag">本地化的关键 —— Language Tag

    "en": { "name": "Enter Name" }, "zh-CN": { "name": "输入姓名" } }

"语法规则">语法规则

注意以下采用ABNF语言描述(ABNF的语法请参考语法规范:BNF与ABNF)

Language-Tag = langtag
    / privateuse
    / grandfathered

langtag = language
   ["-" script]
   ["-" region]
   *("-" variant)
   *("-" extension)
   ["-" privateuse]

可以看到Language-Tag分为langtagprivateusegrandfatherd三个子类,下面我们先了解一般情况用不上的两个吧!
privateuse
"x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum))

示例:x-zh-CN是privateuse,其意思不一定与languagezh-CN一致。
注意: 只作为小集团内部用可以,决不能大范围适用。

grandfathered
"en-GB-oed" ; irregular tags do not match / "i-ami" ; the 'langtag' production and / "i-bnn" ; would not otherwise be / "i-default" ; considered 'well-formed' / "i-enochian" ; These tags are all valid, / "i-hak" ; but most are deprecated / "i-klingon" ; in favor of more modern / "i-lux" ; subtags or subtag / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao" / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL" / "sgn-CH-DE" regular = "art-lojban" ; these tags match the 'langtag' / "cel-gaulish" ; production, but their subtags / "no-bok" ; are not extended language / "no-nyn" ; or variant subtags: their meaning / "zh-guoyu" ; is defined by their registration / "zh-hakka" ; and all of these are deprecated / "zh-min" ; in favor of a more modern / "zh-min-nan" ; subtag or sequence of subtags / "zh-xiang"

注意: 几乎所有grandfarthered标签均可被当前registry的标签及其组合作替代(像i-tao可以被tao代替),因此如无意外请使用现行的标签吧。

下面就到了我们的重头戏langtag了,首先我们看看langtag下的第一个subtag——language.

Primary language subtag

"-" extlang] / 4ALPHA / 5*8ALPHA extlang = 3ALPHA *2("-" 3ALPHA)

看到language有三种形式,其中让我比较好奇的是第一种2*3ALPHA ["-" extlang]。这种形式中前面的2*3ALPHA称为macrolanguage,用于标明资源对应一种语言的汇总,而具体的某一种语言/方言则通过extlang指定。而包含extlang部分的language也被称为encompassed language.
zh-cmnzh-yue就是encompassed language,其中zh是macrolanguage,而cmnyue则是extlang。
"script-subtag">Script subtag

"region-subtag">Region subtag

"variant-subtag">Variant subtag

"extension-subtag">Extension subtag

"-" (2*8alphanum)) singleton = DIGIT / %x41-57 / %x59-5A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A

现在仅支持u作为sigleton的值。
示例:de-DE-u-co-phonebk表示采用电话本核对的方式对内容进行排序等操作。

更多关于language-tag的信息请参考BCP 47

如何选择Language Tag

"cmn"> 小陈说:"老大爷,东方广场怎么走啊?" 老大爷回答道:"<span lang="yue">你讲咩也啊?我听唔明喔。</span>" </p>

示例2:下文含大陆人讲英语、香港人讲普通话和美国人说英语

<p lang="cmn">
小陈说:"<span lang="en-CN">Hi, where are you come from"
李先生说:"<span lang="cmn-HK">你的英文跟我的普通话一样普通啊,哈哈!</span>"
Simon说:"<span lang="en">Hey, what's up!</span>"
</p>